Radial cylinder motor and the like



Aug. 10, 1943. D. e. JONES 2,326,464

RADIAL CYLINDER MOTOR AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 2, 1941 I: Sheets-Sheet l z z 5f) I ATTORNEY Aug. 10, 1943. D. e. JONES 2,326,464

RADIAL CYLINDER MOTOR AND THE LIKE Filed Aug. 2, 1941 z Sheets-Sheet 2 33 /Nl/ENTOR ATTORNEY Aug. .10, 1943. D. G. JONES RADIAL CYLINDER MOT R AND THE LIKE Filegi Aug. 2, 1941 I5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Aug. 10, 1943 UNITED STATES earner ,orrrcs I a a '7 7 2 ,326,464 V r RADIAL CYLINDER Moron Anocrnn LIKE! DudleyGeorge Jones, Aldwych, London, England Application April 2, 1941, Serial No. 386,549 r In Great Britain April 2, 1940 6 Claims. .(o1.121 120 This invention has reference to an improved fluid engine, i. e., an air, steam or liquid driven motor or a pump, having radial cylinders.

- "According to one feature of the invention the engine is builtu-p from three or more similar or substantially similar units comprising working cylinders and valve casings arranged symmetrically around the engine shaft; the valve cylinders being dividedinto two sets for oppositely flowing inflow and discharge fluid.

Each unit may comprise a working cylinder and the'casings of its allotted valves (two) made as a one piece body adapted to be secured to the engine casing or each unit may be built up from tubes brazed or welded together.

In the accompanying drawings: 7 Fig. l is a side elevation, in section, of a motor constructed in accordance withthe invention;

Fig.2 is a front elevation of the motor, partly in section; V Y 5 3 Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view of a s'pringplunger or piston in a pump cylinder; and

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary View of a fluid engine wherein the working cylinder and the valve casings comprise welded or brazed tubes.

Min Figs. 1 and 2 the mainpart of the mctorcas-j ing is in the form of a regular seven sidcdpart l and a co-axial and integral cylindrical part 2 of slightly smaller diameter at one end of the part i. The "sides of the part i each have an opening 3, the axes of the opening'sbeingin a common plane at right angles to the casing axis} Units 4 each comprising a working cylinder 5 of the bearing 36.

integral with and located centrally of two parallel valve casings 5 and I in the form of cylinders areintroduced into the openings 3. The units have flanges 8 intermediately of their ends. flanges are stepped to provide shallow 'spigots 9 snugly fitting the openings and are bored to per-1 mit of the passage through them of fixing studs it as H1 (Fig. 2) projecting from the casing part I, the studs having nuts I I. 7

An end plate 12 carries a ball bearing l3 sup- The porting one end of the shaft 14 of the motor whilst the shaft is supported near its coupling end by a ball bearing I5 carried by a conical end plate 16. The plate I2 is secured to the case inglb-y studs and'bolts as I! and the plate l6 bylbolts and nuts l8, the part 2 of It has a re-entrant boss 20 accommodating a seal 2i of known construction, said seal being a tight fit in the boss and preventing leakage of oil along the internal surface of the boss and past the end of the shaft.

the casing being flanged at H! for this purpose; The plate ing chamber 23 of the The cylinders 5' contain plungers or pistons 22. The plungers areshown as being plain but they may be pr'ovided-with cupleathers, rings or other a neck portion 21 and a ste'm"2 8, the head resting on a seat 29 at the outer side of thecorres'pond ing lateraljbore and the stein' 2l being on the inner side of the lateral bore so that-fluid in the chamber 30 with whichthe'bore communicates presses vorrsubstantially equal areas of the valve body When-the valve is closed and, therefore,

balances the said'body. 'Each headifi ha's an extension .3tyen'teri1i1gthe hollow of a helical valve s'pring32 which" presses at one end against the headand' at thefother end against bushings 33 screwing into the; outer ends of the cylinders Sand Lsaiden d's being of larger diameter than I 1 the; portions receiving the stems 28. Tappets 34 are disposed in thelinner ends of the'valvecyl nd r The, shaft i4 has a n'eccentric or crankt3 5 receiving a ball bearingf36, the crank and bearing being solocated that the corresponding ends of the plungers 22 bear against the'outerrace 31 I Thus, the shaft, throughthe blearingiifi and the: crank, is rotated whenfluid under pressure acts'pncertain plungers. a L Two similar foams. 38 are arranged en the shaft one on. onesi'de 'ofthe'crankand one on the'other side thereof. The faces ofthe cams adjacent to the crankjare recessed at 39 and the recesses are shaped snugly to receive theends of the'crank. Fixing nuts 46, 4| on the plain ends of the'shaft I4 hold the cams in this position by inward thrustj. That is to say, the nuts 40, thrust-r ing against a sleeve 42 in'the core of the seal 2| and. against the inner race 43 of the bearing l5,

press the left hand cam againstjthe crank and the, nuts 4}, thrusting against the inner race 44 of the bearing i3, against the crank.

The bearing 35 is centralised on the crank by the cams 3 8which press against its innerrace I said ends press against theirprofiles. I n'o'r der to ensure proper working contact between the '5 and the valve cylinders l behind press the right hand cam tappets and the valve stems.

cams and the tappets whether or not the valve heads are seated shims 41 are located between the In practice, each valve and its tappet aremade of such length as to leave a gap between the ends of each and this at the sides of the enlarged or outer ends of the cylinders and the valve cylinders! are similarly connected together by unions 50 taking into like bosses 5| on said cylinders I.

Each union comprises a centre socket 52 into, which two spigot-like tubes 53 can telescope.

This telescoping enables the tubes to be introduced into the bosses 49 and 5| as shown when the units 4 are in position on the casing. Finally, the parts 53 are sealed to thebosses and totheir sockets by soldering or the like asindicated at 54.

One union 48 is provided witha pipe coupling 55 and a union 50 with a like coupling 5G,'sai d coupling comprising tubular parts 51 commonlterminating in couplingflanges 58. The couplings allow fluid to-be suppliedto and exhausted from the motor in, eithersense and, as will be understood the crank 35,. and the cams, are so set-relatively that fluid to and exhausted from the working cylinders (by way of the unions whilst the shaft, rotates in the direction determined by which of the couplings .the fluid is introduced. Toreverse the motor all that has to be done is to reverse the fluid flow.

' To ensure. practically constant torque of the motor even at low speeds the valves are of deadtight shut type and all possible leakage. zones have long seals, i. e., long plungers 22, long valve stems!!! and long tappets 34. Such a moto is ideally suited for sensitive inching.

,If the. shaft llis rotated and the incoming fluid pressure is suiflcientto keep'the plungers in contact with the race 31 the machine acts as a pump. When the machine is required for use as a pump it is desirable, however, to keep the plungers in. contact with the. race by mechanical means. One such means is illustrated is appropriately supplied and the lateralbores 24) axis of the casing,

the machine which it drives by means of bolts passing through the holes in the flange l8 and in the plate I6.

What I claim is:

l. A fluid engine comprising a casing formed with arseries of radially disposed openings, an integral unit removably mounted in each opening and extending inwardly of the casing, a power shaft mounted at the axis of the casing, each unit being formed to provide a working cylinder and valve cylinders on opposite sides of the working cylinder in a plane containing the an eccentric on the power shaft in line with the working cylinders of the respective units, a bearing encircling the eccentric, said cams being formed on the surfaces adjacent the. eccentric with recesses to snugly 7 receive the adjacent ends of the eccentric, a cam cat-ing with the hollow of the sockets, .52 and 3 the eccentric body,

in Fig. 3. It comprises a compression Spring 59 having one of its ends extending into the bore 60 in the plunger 22 and its other end pressing against the head 6| of the cylinder 5. V j The motor or pump may be built up from units brazed or welded together. Such a construction is'shown in Fig. 4. In this case tubes 62, 63 and 64 equivalent to the cylinders 5, 6 and 1, respectively (Figs. 1 and 2) are brazed. welded or other wise secured to the casing l and lateral tubes 85 brazed or welded to the cylinders perform the function of the lateralbores 24. The brazing or welding is indicated by. The stems 61 of the valve bodies 68 make direct contact with the cams 38. Tappets and shims may be used as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. The outer end of the tube 62 is closed by a plug 69. Unions equivalent to 48 and 50 are secured to the tubes forming the valve cylinders and two of such'u'nions have couplings equivalent and 56. The casing equivalent to I may be built up from elements brazed or welded together.

The motor may be secured to the casing of on the power shaft on each side of the eccentric, a piston in the Working cylinder of each unit to cooperate with the bearing overlying the eccentric, a valve in each .valve cylinder cooperating with the cam in line therewith, and independent means arranged wholly beyond the casing to establish free communication between all of the similar valve cylinders of the respective units wholly beyond the valve therein.

2. A construction as defined in claim 1 includingend plates for closing the ends ofthe casing, and anti-friction bearings carried by the end plates for supporting the power shaft. I 3. A construction as defined in claim 1 whereinimeans are arranged to cooperate-with the power shaft to exert axial stress on the respective cams, and maintain them in cooperation with the eccentric.

' 4. A fluid engine according to claim 1, said working cylinders being located centrally of said cesses conforming to body and said reesses body.

5. A fluid engine according to claim 1, said body and said recesses receiving the ends of said body, and an anti-friction bearing surrounding b said cams centering the bearing on the eccentric body by pressing against the sides .of the bearings 6. A fluid engine according to claim 1, said wor ring cylinders being located centrally of said control valves. and said eccentric body being located between said cams, the cams having recesses conforming to the shape of the eccentric body and said recesses receiving the ends of said body, and an anti-friction bearing surrounding theeccentric body, said cams centering the bearing on the eccentric body by pressing against the sides of the bearing, an anti-friction bearing on the shaft at that side ofone cam remote from the eccentric body and an anti-friction bearing on the shaft at that side of the other cam remote from said body and clamping means on said shaft, said means being adjusted to thrust the bearing on the shaft against the cams and to thrust the cams against the eccentric body and the anti-friction bearing surrounding it.

DUDLEY GEORGE JONES. 

